Skip to content Skip to sidebar Skip to footer
Inicio / Bobcat Grader Attachment Electrical Stops Starts Again

Bobcat Grader Attachment Electrical Stops Starts Again

Publicar un comentario

Medium-sized North American wild cat

"Red Lynx" redirects here. For the wrestler, meet Candy Okutsu. For the video game programmer, see RedLynx.

Bobcat
Bobcat at Columbus Zoo Boo.jpg
Bobcat in Columbus Zoo Boo

Conservation status


Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]

CITES Appendix II (CITES)[1]

Scientific nomenclature edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Grade: Mammalia
Social club: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus: Lynx
Species:

50. rufus

Binomial name
Lynx rufus

(Schreber, 1777)
Bobcat distribution2016.jpg
Range in 2016[ane]
Synonyms

Run into text

The bobcat (Lynx rufus), besides known as the carmine lynx, is a medium-sized true cat native to Due north America. Information technology ranges from southern Canada through most of the contiguous The states to Oaxaca in Mexico. Information technology is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Crimson List since 2002, due to its wide distribution and large population. Although information technology has been hunted extensively both for sport and fur, populations take proven stable, though declining in some areas.[1]

Information technology has distinctive black confined on its forelegs and a black-tipped, stubby (or "bobbed") tail, from which it derives its proper noun. It reaches a trunk length of up to 125 cm (50 in). It is an adaptable predator inhabiting wooded areas, semidesert, urban edge, forest edge, and swampland environments. It remains in some of its original range, but populations are vulnerable to extirpation past coyotes and domestic animals. Though the bobcat prefers rabbits and hares, it hunts insects, chickens, geese and other birds, modest rodents, and deer. Prey selection depends on location and habitat, season, and abundance. Like most cats, the bobcat is territorial and largely lonely, although with some overlap in home ranges. It uses several methods to marking its territorial boundaries, including claw marks and deposits of urine or feces. The bobcat breeds from winter into spring and has a gestation period of nigh two months.

Two subspecies are recognised: one east of the Groovy Plains, and the other west of the Keen Plains. It is featured in some stories of the ethnic peoples of Due north and Cardinal America, and in the folklore of European-descended inhabitants of the Americas.

Taxonomy and evolution [edit]

Felis rufa was the scientific name proposed by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1777.[2] In the 19th and 20th centuries, the following zoological specimens were described:[three]

  • Lynx floridanus proposed by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1817 was a greyish lynx with yellowish dark-brown spots from Florida.[4]
  • Lynx fasciatus also proposed by Rafinesque in 1817 was a reddish brownish lynx with a thick fur from the northwest coast.[iv]
  • Lynx baileyi proposed by Clinton Hart Merriam in 1890 was a female lynx that was shot in the San Francisco Mountains.[5]
  • Lynx texensis proposed past Joel Asaph Allen in 1895 to supersede the earlier name Lynx rufus var. maculatus.[6]
  • Lynx gigas proposed past Outram Bangs in 1897 was a skin of an developed male lynx shot virtually Bear River, Nova Scotia.[7]
  • Lynx rufus eremicus and Lynx rufus californicus proposed by Edgar Alexander Mearns in 1898 were skins and skulls of two adult lynxes killed in San Diego County, California.[viii]
  • Lynx rufus peninsularis proposed past Oldfield Thomas in 1898 was a skull and a pale rufous peel of a male lynx from Baja California Peninsula.[nine]
  • Lynx fasciatus pallescens proposed by Merriam in 1899, was a skin of a gray lynx that was killed nigh Trout Lake, Washington.[10]
  • Lynx ruffus escuinapae proposed past Allen in 1903 was a skull and a stake rufous skin of an adult female from Escuinapa Municipality in Mexico.[eleven]
  • Lynx rufus superiorensis by Randolph Lee Peterson and Stuart C. Downing in 1952 was a skeleton and skin of a male person lynx killed about Port Arthur, Ontario.[12]
  • Lynx rufus oaxacensis proposed by George Goodwin in 1963 was based on three skulls and half dozen skins of lynxes killed in the Mexican Tehuantepec Commune.[13]

The validity of these subspecies was challenged in 1981 considering of the minor differences between specimens from the diverse geographic regions in North America.[xiv]

Since the revision of cat taxonomy in 2017, only two subspecies are recognised equally valid taxa:[15]

  • 50. r. rufus – east of the Groovy Plains
  • L. r. fasciatus – west of the Nifty Plains

Phylogeny [edit]

The genus Lynx shares a clade with the genera Puma, Prionailurus and Felis dated to 7.15 million years agone; Lynx diverged approximately 3.24 one thousand thousand years ago.[16]

The bobcat is thought to take evolved from the Eurasian lynx (L. lynx), which crossed into N America past way of the Bering State Bridge during the Pleistocene, with progenitors arriving every bit early equally two.half dozen million years ago.[17] Information technology starting time appeared during the Irvingtonian stage around 1.viii 1000000 years ago. The first bobcat wave moved into the southern portion of Northward America, which was before long cut off from the north past glaciers; the population evolved into the modern bobcat around twenty,000 years ago. A second population arrived from Asia and settled in the north, developing into the mod Canada lynx (L. canadensis).[18] Hybridization between the bobcat and the Canada lynx may sometimes occur.[19] The populations east and w of the Great Plains were probably separated during Pleistocene interglacial periods due to the aridification of the region.[twenty]

Description [edit]

The small tufts on a bobcat's ears are difficult to spot at even moderate distance

The bobcat resembles other species of the midsize genus Lynx, only is on average the smallest of the four. Its glaze is variable, though generally tan to grayish-brown, with black streaks on the body and dark bars on the forelegs and tail. Its spotted patterning acts equally cover-up. The ears are blackness-tipped and pointed, with brusk, black tufts. Generally, an off-white color is seen on the lips, mentum, and underparts. Bobcats in the desert regions of the southwest take the lightest-colored coats, while those in the northern, forested regions are darkest. Kittens are born well-furred and already have their spots.[21] A few melanistic bobcats take been sighted and captured in Florida, USA and New Brunswick, Canada.[22] They announced black, but may still exhibit a spot blueprint.[23]

The face appears broad due to ruffs of extended pilus beneath the ears. Bobcat optics are yellowish with circular, black pupils. The olfactory organ of the bobcat is pinkish-cherry, and it has a base color of grey or yellowish- or brownish-reddish on its face, sides, and back.[24] The pupils widen during nocturnal activity to maximize light reception.[25] The bobcat has sharp hearing and vision, and a proficient sense of odour. It is an excellent climber and swims when information technology needs to, but usually avoids water.[26]

The adult bobcat is 47.5–125 cm (eighteen.7–49.2 in) long from the head to the base of its distinctive chubby tail, averaging 82.7 cm (32.half dozen in); the tail is 9 to 20 cm (three.5 to 7.9 in) long.[24] Its "bobbed" advent gives the species its name.[27] [28] [29] [xxx] An adult stands almost 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) at the shoulders.[21]

Adult males tin can range in weight from 6.4–18.iii kg (xiv–40 lb), with an boilerplate of 9.six kg (21 lb); females at 4–15.3 kg (8.8–33.7 lb), with an boilerplate of 6.8 kg (15 lb).[31] The largest bobcat accurately measured on record weighed 22.2 kg (49 lb), although unverified reports accept them reaching 27 kg (60 lb).[32] Furthermore, a June 20, 2012, report of a New Hampshire roadkill specimen listed the animal's weight at 27 kg (sixty lb).[33] The largest-bodied bobcats were recorded in eastern Canada and northern New England, and the smallest in the southern Appalachian Mountains.[34] Consistent with Bergmann's rule, the bobcat is larger in its northern range and in open up habitats.[35] A morphological size comparison report in the eastern Us institute a divergence in the location of the largest male and female specimens, suggesting differing selection constraints for the sexes.[36] Skeletal muscles make up 58,5 % of the bobcat'south body weight.[37] [38] At nativity, it weighs 270–340 g (nine+ i⁄2 –12 oz) and is about 25 cm (10 in) in length. At the historic period of ane twelvemonth, it weighs virtually 4.5 kg (x lb).[26]

Tracks [edit]

Bobcat tracks in mud showing the hind-paw impress (height) partially covering the fore-paw print (centre)

Bobcat tracks evidence iv toes without claw marks, due to their retractile claws. The tracks range in size from 25–75 mm (1–iii in); the average is well-nigh 45 mm (one+ three⁄4  in).[39] When walking or trotting, the tracks are spaced roughly 20 to 45 cm (8 to xviii in) apart. The bobcat can make swell strides when running, often from one.2–2.four thousand (4–viii ft).[40]

Like all cats, the bobcat 'directly registers', significant its hind prints commonly fall exactly on top of its fore prints. Bobcat tracks tin be mostly distinguished from feral or house true cat tracks by their larger size: about 15 cmii (2 sq in) versus 10 cmtwo (i+ 1⁄two  sq in).[41]

Distribution and habitat [edit]

Bobcat in urban surroundings: The species' range does non seem to be express by man populations, equally long every bit it can still find a suitable habitat

The bobcat is an adjustable species. It prefers woodlands—deciduous, coniferous, or mixed—only does not depend exclusively on the deep forest. It ranges from the boiling swamps of Florida to desert lands of Texas or rugged mountain areas. It makes its habitation near agricultural areas, if rocky ledges, swamps, or forested tracts are present; its spotted coat serves as camouflage.[42] The population of the bobcat depends primarily on the population of its prey; other principal factors in the choice of habitat type include protection from astringent weather, availability of resting and den sites, dense cover for hunting and escape, and freedom from disturbance.[43]

The bobcat'due south range does not seem to be limited by human populations, but past availability of suitable habitat; only big, intensively cultivated tracts are unsuitable for the species.[35] The animal may appear in back yards in "urban edge" environments, where human development intersects with natural habitats.[44] If chased by a dog, information technology commonly climbs up a tree.[42]

The historical range of the bobcat was from southern Canada, throughout the Us, and as far south every bit the Mexican state of Oaxaca, and it even so persists across much of this area. In the 20th century, it was thought to have lost territory in the United states Midwest and parts of the Northeast, including southern Minnesota, eastern South Dakota, and much of Missouri, more often than not due to habitat changes from modernistic agricultural practices.[25] [35] [42] While idea to no longer be in western New York and Pennsylvania, multiple confirmed sightings of bobcats (including dead specimens) have been recently reported in New York'due south Southern Tier and in central New York, and a bobcat was captured in 2022 on a tourist boat in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[45] [46] In addition, bobcat sightings have been confirmed in northern Indiana, and one was killed almost Albion, Michigan, in 2008.[47] In early March 2010, a bobcat was sighted (and later captured by animal command authorities) in a parking garage in downtown Houston.[48] By 2010, bobcats appear to have recolonized many states, occurring in every state in the contiguous 48 except Delaware.[1]

The bobcat population in Canada is express due to both snowfall depth and the presence of the Canada lynx. The bobcat does non tolerate deep snow, and waits out heavy storms in sheltered areas;[49] information technology lacks the large, padded feet of the Canada lynx and cannot support its weight on snow every bit efficiently. The bobcat is not entirely at a disadvantage where its range meets that of the larger felid: displacement of the Canada lynx by the aggressive bobcat has been observed where they collaborate in Nova Scotia, while the immigration of coniferous forests for agronomics has led to a northward retreat of the Canada lynx's range to the advantage of the bobcat.[35] In northern and central Mexico, the cat is institute in dry scrubland and forests of pine and oak; its range ends at the tropical southern portion of the country.[35]

Behavior and ecology [edit]

The bobcat is crepuscular, and is active mostly during twilight. It keeps on the move from 3 hours before dusk until about midnight, and so once more from before dawn until three hours subsequently sunrise. Each night, it moves from 3 to xi km (2 to 7 mi) forth its habitual route.[26] This behavior may vary seasonally, as bobcats become more diurnal during fall and winter in response to the activity of their prey, which are more agile during the day in colder weather.[25]

Social structure and abode range [edit]

Bobcat activities are confined to well-defined territories, which vary in size depending on the sex and the distribution of prey. The habitation range is marked with feces, urine scent, and by clawing prominent trees in the area.[50] In its territory, the bobcat has numerous places of shelter, usually a main den, and several auxiliary shelters on the outer extent of its range, such as hollow logs, brush piles, thickets, or under rock ledges. Its den smells strongly of the bobcat.[42] The sizes of bobcats' home ranges vary significantly and ranges from 0.596–326 kmii (0.23–126 sq mi).[35] One written report in Kansas found resident males to accept ranges of roughly 21 km2 (8 sq mi), and females less than half that expanse. Transient bobcats were found to take domicile ranges of 57 kmtwo (22 sq mi) and less well-divers domicile ranges. Kittens had the smallest range at well-nigh eight kmii (iii sq mi).[51] Dispersal from the natal range is nigh pronounced with males.[52]

Reports on seasonal variation in range size accept been equivocal. One written report found a large variation in male person range sizes, from 41 kmtwo (16 sq mi) in summer upward to 104 km2 (xl sq mi) in winter.[42] Another found that female bobcats, particularly those which were reproductively active, expanded their home range in wintertime, only that males merely shifted their range without expanding it, which was consistent with numerous earlier studies.[53] Other enquiry in diverse American states has shown little or no seasonal variation.[51] [54] [55]

Like virtually felines, the bobcat is largely solitary, but ranges often overlap. Unusual for cats, males are more tolerant of overlap, while females rarely wander into others' ranges.[53] Given their smaller range sizes, ii or more than females may reside within a male person'southward domicile range. When multiple territories overlap, a authorization hierarchy is frequently established, resulting in the exclusion of some transients from favored areas.[42]

In line with widely differing estimates of home range size, population density figures diverge from one to 38 bobcats per 26 km2 (ten sq mi) in one survey.[35] The average is estimated at one bobcat per 13 kmtwo (5 sq mi).[42] A link has been observed betwixt population density and sex ratio. An unhunted population in California had a sex ratio of 2.one males per female. When the density decreased, the sexual activity ratio skewed to 0.86 males per female. Another written report observed a like ratio, and suggested the males may be amend able to cope with the increased competition, and this helped limit reproduction until various factors lowered the density.[56]

Hunting and diet [edit]

Bobcats ofttimes prey on rabbits, hares, and rodents

The bobcat is able to survive for long periods without food, but eats heavily when prey is arable. During lean periods, information technology often preys on larger animals, which it can kill and render to feed on later. The bobcat hunts by stalking its prey and then ambushing with a short chase or pounce. Its preference is for mammals weighing about 0.7–6 kg (1+ one⁄2 –12+ 1⁄ii  lb). Its chief prey varies by region: in the eastern United States, it is the eastern cottontail and New England cottontail, and in the northward, it is the snowshoe hare. When these prey species be together, as in New England, they are the chief food sources of the bobcat. In the far south, the rabbits and hares are sometimes replaced by cotton rats as the principal food source. Birds up to the size of an developed trumpeter swan are too taken in ambushes while nesting, forth with their fledglings and eggs.[57] The bobcat is an opportunistic predator that, dissimilar the more specialized Canada lynx, readily varies its casualty option.[35] Diet diversification positively correlates to a decline in numbers of the bobcat'due south chief prey; the abundance of its master prey species is the principal determinant of overall diet.[58]

The bobcat hunts animals of different sizes, and adjusts its hunting techniques accordingly. With small animals, such as rodents (including squirrels, moles, muskrats, mice), birds, fish including small sharks,[59] and insects, it hunts in areas known to be abundant in casualty, and will lie, crouch, or stand, and wait for victims to wander close. Information technology then pounces, grabbing its prey with its sharp, retractable claws. For slightly larger animals, such as geese, ducks, rabbits, and hares, it stalks from cover and waits until prey comes within 6 to 11 m (twenty to 35 ft) earlier rushing in to attack. Less commonly, information technology feeds on larger animals, such as young ungulates, and other carnivores, such every bit fishers (primarily female person), foxes, minks, martens, skunks, raccoons, small dogs, and domesticated cats.[42] [60] [61] [62] [63] Bobcats are as well occasional hunters of livestock and poultry. While larger species, such as cattle, and horses, are not known to exist attacked, bobcats do present a threat to smaller ruminants, such equally pigs, sheep and goats. According to the National Agricultural Statistics Service, bobcats killed xi,100 sheep in 2004, comprising 4.9% of all sheep predator deaths.[64] Still, some amount of bobcat predation may exist misidentified, as bobcats have been known to scavenge on the remains of livestock kills by other animals.[65]

It has been known to kill deer or pronghorn, and sometimes to hunt elk in western North America, especially in wintertime when smaller prey is deficient, or when deer populations become more than abundant. One study in the Everglades showed a large majority of kills (33 of 39) were fawns. Co-ordinate to the Yellowstone showed a large number of kills (xv of 20) were includes elk calves, but casualty up to eight times the bobcat's weight could be successfully taken.[66] It stalks the deer, ofttimes when the deer is lying downward, then rushes in and grabs it by the neck earlier bitter the throat, base of the skull, or chest. On the rare occasions a bobcat kills a deer, information technology eats its fill and then buries the carcass under snowfall or leaves, often returning to it several times to feed.[42]

The bobcat casualty base overlaps with that of other midsized predators of a similar ecological niche. Inquiry in Maine has shown little show of competitive relationships betwixt the bobcat and coyote or blood-red trick; separation distances and territory overlap appeared random among simultaneously monitored animals.[67] However, other studies have found bobcat populations may decrease in areas with high coyote populations, with the more social inclination of the canid giving them a possible competitive advantage.[68] With the Canada lynx, even so, the interspecific relationship affects distribution patterns; competitive exclusion by the bobcat is likely to accept prevented whatsoever farther southward expansion of the range of its felid relative.[17]

Reproduction and life cycle [edit]

Bobcat kittens in June, most ii–4 months old

The average lifespan of the bobcat is seven years but rarely exceeds x years. The oldest wild bobcat on record was xvi years onetime, and the oldest convict bobcat lived to be 32.[56]

Bobcats generally begin breeding past their 2d summertime, though females may first as early on as their first twelvemonth. Sperm production begins each year past September or October, and the male is fertile into the summer. A dominant male travels with a female and mates with her several times, generally from winter until early jump; this varies past location, but most mating takes place during February and March. The pair may undertake a number of different behaviors, including bumping, chasing, and ambushing. Other males may be in attendance, but remain uninvolved. One time the male recognizes the female person is receptive, he grasps her in the typical felid cervix grip and mates with her. The female person may later go along to mate with other males,[42] and males generally mate with several females.[69] During courtship, the bobcat's vocalizations include screaming and hissing.[seventy] Research in Texas revealed that establishing a habitation range is necessary for breeding; studied animals without a home range had no identified offspring.[52] The female person has an estrous cycle of 44 days, with the estrus lasting five to x days. Bobcats remain reproductively active throughout their lives.[25] [69]

The female person raises the immature lone. One to half dozen, but usually 2 to four, kittens are born in Apr or May, after roughly 60 to lxx days of gestation. Sometimes, a second litter is built-in equally late every bit September. The female person generally gives birth in an enclosed space, unremarkably a pocket-sized cave or hollow log. The young open their eyes by the ninth or tenth day. They kickoff exploring their environs at iv weeks and are weaned at virtually two months. Within iii to v months, they begin to travel with their female parent.[70] They hunt past themselves by fall of their get-go year, and normally disperse shortly thereafter.[42] In Michigan, however, they take been observed staying with their mother as late equally the adjacent spring.[69]

Predators [edit]

Skull showing large curved canines

The adult bobcat has relatively few predators. Withal rarely, it may be killed in interspecific conflict past several larger predators or fall prey to them. Cougars and greyness wolves can impale developed bobcats, a beliefs repeatedly observed in Yellowstone National Park.[71] [72] Coyotes have killed adult bobcats and kittens.[73] [74] [75] At least one confirmed observation of a bobcat and an American black bear (Ursus americanus) fighting over a carcass is confirmed.[76] Similar other Lynx species, bobcats probably avoid encounters with bears, in part considering they are likely to lose kills to them or may rarely exist attacked past them.[77] [78] Bobcat remains take occasionally been constitute in the resting sites of male fishers.[79] American alligators (Alligator mississippensis) have been filmed opportunistically preying on adult bobcats in the southeast United States.[80] [81] Gilt eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) have been reportedly observed preying on bobcats.[82]

Bobcat defending a kill from a pair of coyotes

Kittens may be taken past several predators, including corking horned owls, eagles, foxes, and bears, and other adult male person bobcats.[83] When prey populations are not abundant, fewer kittens are likely to reach machismo.[56]

Diseases, accidents, hunters, automobiles, and starvation are the other leading causes of death. Juveniles testify high mortality presently after leaving their mothers, while still perfecting their hunting techniques. One study of 15 bobcats showed yearly survival rates for both sexes averaged 0.62, in line with other research suggesting rates of 0.56 to 0.67.[84] Cannibalism has been reported; kittens may be taken when prey levels are low, but this is very rare and does not much influence the population.[56]

The bobcat may take external parasites, mostly ticks and fleas, and often carries the parasites of its prey, particularly those of rabbits and squirrels. Internal parasites (endoparasites) are especially common in bobcats.[85] One report found an average infection rate of 52% from Toxoplasma gondii, but with great regional variation.[86] Ane mite in item, Lynxacarus morlani, has to date been establish just on the bobcat. Parasites' and diseases' role in the mortality of the bobcat is notwithstanding unclear, only they may business relationship for greater mortality than starvation, accidents, and predation.[56]

Conservation [edit]

The bobcat population has seen a refuse in the American Midwest, but is generally stable and good for you

It is listed in Appendix 2 of the Convention on International Merchandise in Endangered Species of Wild Creature and Flora (CITES),[87] which means it is not considered threatened with extinction, merely that international trade must exist closely monitored. The animal is regulated in all three of its range countries, and is found in a number of protected areas of the United states of america, its principal territory.[35] Estimates from the US Fish and Wildlife Service placed bobcat numbers between 700,000 and 1,500,000 in the US in 1988, with increased range and population density suggesting even greater numbers in subsequent years; for these reasons, the U.S. has petitioned CITES to remove the cat from Appendix Two.[43] Populations in Canada and United mexican states remain stable and healthy. It is listed equally least concern on the IUCN Red List, noting it is relatively widespread and abundant, simply information from southern United mexican states is poor.[1]

The species is considered endangered in Ohio, Indiana, and New Jersey. Information technology was removed from the threatened list of Illinois in 1999 and of Iowa in 2003. In Pennsylvania, limited hunting and trapping are once again allowed, after having been banned from 1970 to 1999. The bobcat besides suffered population decline in New Jersey at the turn of the 19th century, mainly because of commercial and agricultural developments causing habitat fragmentation; by 1972, the bobcat was given full legal protection, and was listed as endangered in the state in 1991.[25] The Mexican bobcat 50. r. escuinipae was for a time considered endangered by the Usa Fish and Wildlife Service, but was delisted in 2005.[88] Betwixt 2003 and 2011, a reduction in bobcat sightings in the Everglades by 87.v% has been attributed to predation past the invasive Burmese python.[89]

The bobcat has long been valued both for fur and sport; it has been hunted and trapped by humans, merely has maintained a loftier population, even in the southern Usa, where it is extensively hunted. In the 1970s and 1980s, an unprecedented rise in cost for bobcat fur acquired further interest in hunting, just by the early 1990s, prices had dropped significantly.[90] Regulated hunting nevertheless continues, with one-half of mortality of some populations beingness attributed to this cause. As a result, the rate of bobcat deaths is skewed in winter, when hunting flavour is by and large open.[56]

Urbanization tin result in the fragmentation of contiguous natural landscapes into patchy habitat within an urban area. Animals that live in these fragmented areas oft accept reduced movement betwixt the habitat patches, which can atomic number 82 to reduced gene flow and pathogen transmission betwixt patches. Animals such equally the bobcat are particularly sensitive to fragmentation because of their large home ranges.[91] A study in littoral Southern California has shown bobcat populations are affected by urbanization, creation of roads, and other developments. The populations may not be declining as much as predicted, just instead the connectivity of unlike populations is affected. This leads to a decrease in natural genetic variety amidst bobcat populations.[92] For bobcats, preserving open infinite in sufficient quantities and quality is necessary for population viability. Educating local residents well-nigh the animals is critical, as well, for conservation in urban areas.[93]

In bobcats using urban habitats in California, the use of rodenticides has been linked to both secondary poisoning by consuming poisoned rats and mice, and to increased rates of severe mite infestation (known equally notoedric mange), equally an fauna with a poison-weakened immune system is less capable of fighting off mange. Liver autopsies in California bobcats that have succumbed to notoedric mange have revealed chronic rodenticide exposure.[94] [95] Culling rodent control measures such every bit vegetation control and use of traps have been suggested to alleviate this issue.[96]

Importance in human culture [edit]

Stories featuring the bobcat, in many variations, are constitute in some Indigenous cultures of North America, with parallels in South America. A story from the Nez Perce, for instance, depicts the bobcat and coyote as opposed, antonymous beings.[97] However, another version represents them with equality and identicality. Claude Lévi-Strauss argues that the sometime concept, that of twins representing opposites, is an inherent theme in New Earth mythologies, simply that they are not every bit counterbalanced figures, representing an open-ended dualism rather than the symmetric duality of Onetime World cultures. The latter notion then, Lévi-Strauss suggests, is the result of regular contact between Europeans and native cultures. Additionally, the version found in the Nez Perce story is of much greater complexity, while the version of equality seems to take lost the tale's original significant.[98]

In a Shawnee tale, the bobcat is outwitted by a rabbit, which gives ascent to its spots. Subsequently trapping the rabbit in a tree, the bobcat is persuaded to build a fire, but to have the embers scattered on its fur, leaving it singed with dark brown spots.[99] The Mohave people believed dreaming habitually of beings or objects would afford them their characteristics every bit supernatural powers. Dreaming of ii deities, cougar and lynx, they thought, would grant them the superior hunting skills of other Tribes.[100] European-descended inhabitants of the Americas as well admired the true cat, both for its ferocity and its grace, and in the The states, information technology "rests prominently in the anthology of ... national folklore."[101]

Grave artifacts from dirt domes excavated in the 1980s forth the Illinois River revealed a consummate skeleton of a young bobcat along with a collar fabricated of bone pendants and shell chaplet that had been cached past the Hopewell culture. The type and place of burial indicate a tamed and cherished pet or possible spiritual significance. The Hopewell normally buried their dogs, then the basic were initially identified as remains of a puppy, just dogs were usually cached close to the village and not in the mounds themselves. This is the just wild cat decorated burying on the archaeological record.[102] [103]

An inhabitant of Appalachia, Lynx rufus is immortalized (forth with university founder Rufus Putnam) at Ohio University through its popular college mascot, Rufus the Bobcat.[104]

See also [edit]

  • Eurasian lynx
  • Iberian lynx
  • Canadian lynx

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d due east f Kelly, Thou.; Morin, D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C.A. (2016). "Lynx rufus". IUCN Red Listing of Threatened Species. 2016: east.T12521A50655874. doi:x.2305/IUCN.Britain.2016-1.RLTS.T12521A50655874.en . Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  2. ^ Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Der Rotluchs". Dice Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. pp. 442–443.
  3. ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Lynx rufus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. Chiliad. (eds.). Mammal Species of the Earth: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 542. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ a b Rafinesque, C. S. (1817). "Descriptions of seven new genera of N American quadrupeds". The American Monthly Magazine and Disquisitional Review. 2: 44–46.
  5. ^ Merriam C. H. (1890). "Results of a biological survey of the San Francisco Mountain region and desert of the Little Colorado in Arizona". North American Fauna. 3: 78–86.
  6. ^ Allen, J. A. (1895). "On the names of mammals given by Kerr in his 'Animal Kingdom', published in 1792" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. seven (5): 179–192.
  7. ^ Bangs O. (1897). "Notes on the lynxes of eastern Due north America, with descriptions of two new species". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 11: 47–51.
  8. ^ Mearns E. A. (1898). "Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals of the genera Lynx, Urocyon, Spilogale and Mephitis from the Mexican Boundary Line". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 20 (1126): 457–461. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.1126.457.
  9. ^ Thomas, O. (1898). "On new mammals from western United mexican states and Lower California". The Annals and Mag of Natural History. 7. 1 (1): forty–46. doi:ten.1080/00222939808677921.
  10. ^ Merriam, C. H. (1899). "Mammals of Shasta". North American Fauna. 16: 87–107. doi:10.3996/nafa.xvi.0001.
  11. ^ Allen J. A. (1903). "A new deer and a new lynx from the State of Sinaloa, United mexican states" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 19 (25): 613–615.
  12. ^ Peterson, R. 50. & Downing, S. C. (1952). "Notes on the bobcats (Lynx rufus) of eastern North America with the description of a new race". Contributions of the Regal Ontario Museum Division of Zoology and Palaeontolgy (33): 1–23.
  13. ^ Goodwin, M. G. (1963). "A new subspecies of bobcat (Lynx rufus) from Oaxaca, Mexico" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (2139): 1–7.
  14. ^ Read, J. A. (1981). Geographic variation in the bobcat (Felis rufus) in the southcentral The states (Main'south thesis). College Station, Texas: Texas A&M Academy.
  15. ^ Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, East.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. West.; Johnson, W.; Luo, Due south.-J.; Meijaard, Eastward.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The last report of the Cat Classification Job Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Grouping" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11): 38–40.
  16. ^ Johnson, W.Due east.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Tater, W.J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S.J. (2006). "The Tardily Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825.
  17. ^ a b Meaney, C. & Beauvais, G. P. (2004). "Species Assessment for Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) in Wyoming". United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Direction. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  18. ^ Zielinski, W. J. & Kuceradate, T. Eastward. (1998). American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine: Survey Methods for Their Detection. DIANE Publishing. pp. 77–78. ISBN978-0-7881-3628-iii.
  19. ^ Mills, Fifty. S. (2006). Conservation of Wildlife Populations: Demography, Genetics, and Direction . Blackwell Publishing. p. 48. ISBN978-i-4051-2146-0.
  20. ^ Reding D. M. (2011). Patterns and processes of spatial genetic structure in a mobile and continuously distributed species, the bobcat (Lynx rufus) (PhD Thesis). Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University.
  21. ^ a b Cahalane, V. H. (2005). Coming together the Mammals. Kessinger Publishing. p. 64. ISBN978-1-4179-9522-6.
  22. ^ Fowler, S. (2016). "Advent of black bobcats in New Brunswick puzzles biologist". CBC. Fredericton, NB, Canada. Retrieved 2020-09-19 .
  23. ^ Ulmer Jr., F. A. (1941). "Melanism in the Felidae, with Special Reference to the Genus Lynx". Journal of Mammalogy. 22 (3): 285–288. doi:ten.2307/1374954. JSTOR 1374954.
  24. ^ a b Sparano, V. T. (1998). Complete Outdoors Encyclopedia. St. Martin'southward Press. p. 228. ISBN978-0-312-19190-0.
  25. ^ a b c d east McDowell, R. L. (2003). Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of New Bailiwick of jersey. Rutgers Academy Press. pp. 23–24, 27. ISBN978-0-8135-3209-7.
  26. ^ a b c Fergus, C. (2003). Wild fauna of Virginia and Maryland Washington D.C. Stackpole Books. p. 119. ISBN978-0-8117-2821-8.
  27. ^ "Great Cats: Bobcats – National Zoo| FONZ". National Zoo. Archived from the original on April ane, 2012. Retrieved Oct 17, 2011.
  28. ^ "Bobcats, Bobcat Pictures, Bobcat Facts – National Geographic". Animals.nationalgeographic.com. ten September 2010. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
  29. ^ "Field Guides: Species Detail". eNature. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved Oct 17, 2011.
  30. ^ "bobcat (mammal)". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
  31. ^ Burnie, D. and Wilson, D.Due east. (Eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World'due south Wildlife. DK Developed (2005), ISBN 0-7894-7764-five
  32. ^ Chiamulera, J.; Krueger, Eastward. & Yarbrough, C. "Bobcat Lynx rufus". Uwsp.edu. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
  33. ^ Schreiber, J. (2012). 60-pound bobcat turns up as roadkill Archived June 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Spousal relationship Leader
  34. ^ "Bobcat Profile" (PDF). The American Society of Mammalogists. Archived from the original (PDF) on May eleven, 2013. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
  35. ^ a b c d e f k h i Nowell, Chiliad. & Jackson, P. (1996). Wild Cats. Condition Survey and Conservation Action Program (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group.
  36. ^ Sikes, R. Southward. & Kennedy, M. L. (1992). "Morphologic Variation of the Bobcat (Felis rufus) in the Eastern U.s.a. and Its Association with Selected Environmental Variables". American Midland Naturalist. 128 (2): 313–324. doi:ten.2307/2426465. JSTOR 2426465.
  37. ^ Muchlinski, M.Due north.; Snodgrass, J.J. & Terranova, C.J. (2012). "Muscle mass scaling in primates: An energetic and ecological perspective" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology. 74: 395–407.
  38. ^ Pitts, G.C.; Bullard, R.T. (1968). "Some Interspecific Aspects of Body Limerick in Mammals". Body Composition in Animals and Man. Columbia: Proceedings of a symposium held May 4, v, and 6, 1967, at the University of Missouri, Columbia. pp. 45–70.
  39. ^ "Bobcat". bcadventure.com. Interactive Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  40. ^ Peterson, R. T. & Murie, O. J. (1998). A Field Guide to Brute Tracks. Houghton Mifflin Field Guides. p. 115. ISBN978-0-395-91094-8.
  41. ^ Chocolate-brown, T. (1986). Tom Brownish's Field Guide to Nature Observation and Tracking. Berkley Merchandise. ISBN978-0-425-09966-vii.
  42. ^ a b c d eastward f g h i j one thousand Whitaker, J. O.; Hamilton, W. J. (1998). "Bobcat, Lynx rufus". Mammals of the Eastern United States. Cornell University Press. pp. 493–496. ISBN978-0-8014-3475-4.
  43. ^ a b "Deletion of Bobcat (Lynx rufus) from Appendix II" (PDF). Thirteenth Meeting of the Briefing of the Parties, Proposal five. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. October 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2013. Retrieved May 31, 2007.
  44. ^ "Bobcats: Living on the Urban Edge". National Park Service, U.Due south. Department of the Interior. Retrieved June 18, 2007.
  45. ^ Tobin, Dave (May 31, 2007). "Elusive Bobcat Creeps into Region". Syracuse Mail service-Standard . Retrieved June 26, 2007.
  46. ^ Allen, Bob (March xviii, 2018). "Bobcat Constitute On Gateway Clipper Boat Removed Past Animal Command". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Retrieved March xix, 2018.
  47. ^ "Bobcat killed near Albion". MLive.com. Jackson Denizen Patriot. October 25, 2008. Retrieved Feb 15, 2009.
  48. ^ "Bobcat captured in Houston parking garage". Houston Chronicle. chron.com. March ii, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
  49. ^ National Park Service. Yellowstone National Park. "Bobcat". Archived from the original on May 23, 2006. Retrieved August 24, 2006.
  50. ^ Allen, M.; Wallace, C. F. & Wilmers, C. C. (2015). "Patterns in bobcat (Lynx rufus) scent marking and communication behaviors". Journal of Ethology. 33 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1007/s10164-014-0418-0. S2CID 17453824.
  51. ^ a b Kamler, J. F. & Gipson, P. S. (2000). "Home range, habitat selection, and survival of bobcats, Lynx rufus, in a prairie ecosystem in Kansas". Canadian Field-Naturalist. 114 (three): 388–394.
  52. ^ a b Janečka, J.Eastward.; Blankenship, T.L.; Hirth, D.H.; Tewes, Thou.E.; Kilpatrick, C.W.; Grassman, Fifty.I. Jr. (2006). "Kinship and social structure of Bobcats (Lynx rufus) inferred from microsatellite and radio-telemetry information". Periodical of Zoology. 269 (4): 494–501. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00099.x.
  53. ^ a b Lovallo, M. J.; Anderson, Eastward. 1000. (1996). "Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Home Range Size and Habitat Use in Northwest Wisconsin". American Midland Naturalist. 135 (two): 247–28. doi:10.2307/2426706. JSTOR 2426706.
  54. ^ Nielsen, Clayton K.; Alan Woolf (2001). "Spatial Organization of Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Southern Illinois". The American Midland Naturalist. 146 (i): 43–52. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0043:SOOBLR]2.0.CO;2.
  55. ^ Chamberlain, Michael I.; Bruce D. Leopold; L. Mike Conner (2003). "Space use, movements and habitat selection of adult Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Central Mississippi". The American Midland Naturalist. 149 (2): 395–405. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0395:SUMAHS]2.0.CO;2.
  56. ^ a b c d e f Feldhamer, G. A.; Thompson, B. C.; Chapman, J. A. (2004). Wild Mammals of North America. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 769–770. ISBN978-0-8018-7416-one.
  57. ^ Smith, J. W. (1988). Status of Missouri'southward experimental Trumpeter Swan restoration program. In Proc. and Papers of the 10th Trumpeter Swan Society Conf., edited by D. Compton, 100–103. Maple Plain, MN: The Trumpeter Swan Social club.
  58. ^ Baker, L. A.; Warren, R. J.; Diefenbach, D. R.; James, Due west. East. & Conroy, M. J. (2001). "Casualty Pick past Reintroduced Bobcats (Lynx rufus) on Cumberland Isle, Georgia". The American Midland Naturalist. 145 (1): fourscore–93. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2001)145[0080:PSBRBL]2.0.CO;2.
  59. ^ Bobcat Drags Shark Out of Florida Surf
  60. ^ "Fewer Fishers in the Forest". Minnesota Conservation Volunteer Magazine. Minnesota Section of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on July 6, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  61. ^ Sweitzer, Rick A.; Barrett, Reginald H. (July 22, 2010). "SNAMP Fisher Study: Sources" (PDF). Sierra Nevada Adaptive Direction Project. Retrieved June v, 2013.
  62. ^ Donadio, Eastward., & Buskirk, S. Westward. (2006). Diet, morphology, and interspecific killing in Carnivora. The American Naturalist, 167(4): 524–536.
  63. ^ Farias, V., Fuller, T. K., Wayne, R. K., & Sauvajot, R. M. (2005). Survival and crusade-specific mortality of greyness foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in southern California. Journal of Zoology, 266(3), 249–254.
  64. ^ Sheep and Goats Decease Loss. National Agricultural Statistics Service. May 6, 2005. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
  65. ^ Neale, Jennifer C. C.; Sacks, Benjamin N.; Jaeger, Michael M.; McCullough, Dale R. (Apr 1998). "A Comparison of Bobcat and Coyote Predation on Lambs in Due north-Coastal California". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 62 (two): 700–706. doi:x.2307/3802346. JSTOR 3802346. S2CID 31260042. The proportion of Bobcat scats containing sheep consumed by Bobcats was small (4.2%) and occurrence did non peak in the lambing season, suggesting that sheep consumed by bobcats were scavenged
  66. ^ Labisky, Ronald F.; Margaret C. Boulay (April 1998). "Behaviors of Bobcats Preying on White-tailed Deer in the Everglades". The American Midland Naturalist. 139 (2): 275–281. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(1998)139[0275:BOBPOW]2.0.CO;2.
  67. ^ Major, JT; JA Sherburne (1987). "Interspecific relationships of Coyotes, Bobcats, and Red Foxes in western Maine". Journal of Wildlife Management. 51 (3): 606–616. doi:ten.2307/3801278. JSTOR 3801278.
  68. ^ Litvaitis, J. A. & D. J. Harrison (1989). "Bobcat-coyote niche relationships during a period of coyote population increase". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 67 (5): 1180–1188. doi:10.1139/z89-170.
  69. ^ a b c Fischer, W.C.; Miller, M.; Johnston, C.M.; Smith, J.K. (1996). Burn Effects Information System. Diane Publishing. p. 83. ISBN978-0-7881-4568-ane.
  70. ^ a b Nowak, R.M. (1999). "Felis rufus (bobcat)". Walker'southward Mammals of the World. Vol. 1 (Sixth ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 808–810. ISBN978-0-8018-5789-8.
  71. ^ Akenson, H.; Akenson, J.; Quigley, H. "Winter Predation and Interactions of Wolves and Cougars on Panther Creek in Central Idaho". Wild animals: Wolves. Yellowstone National Park. Retrieved June 24, 2007.
  72. ^ Palomares, F. & Caro, T. M. (1999). "Interspecific killing among mammalian carnivores". The American Naturalist. 153 (five): 492–508. doi:10.1086/303189. hdl:10261/51387. PMID 29578790. S2CID 4343007.
  73. ^ Fedriani, J. M.; Fuller, T. Thousand.; Sauvajot R. M. & York, E. C. (2000). "Competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric carnivores". Oecologia. 125 (2): 258–270. Bibcode:2000Oecol.125..258F. doi:x.1007/s004420000448. hdl:10261/54628. PMID 24595837. S2CID 24289407.
  74. ^ Gipson, P. S. & Kamler, J. F. (2002). "Bobcat killed by coyote". Southwestern Naturalist. 47 (3): 511–514. doi:10.2307/3672519. JSTOR 3672519.
  75. ^ Knick, South. T. (1990). "Ecology of bobcats relative to exploitation and a prey decline in southeastern Idaho". Wildlife Monographs. 108 (108): i–42. JSTOR 3830671.
  76. ^ "Bobcat vs Carry: Contest over deer carcass". Hunting Washington Forum. Retrieved Nov 1, 2008.
  77. ^ Krofel, M., Kos, I., & Jerina, K. (2012). The noble cats and the big bad scavengers: furnishings of ascendant scavengers on lonely predators. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 66(9), 1297–1304.
  78. ^ IUCN/SSC True cat Specialist Group, Kristin Nowell, Peter Jackson. (1996). Wild Cats: Condition survey and conservation action plan. Cambridge, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland: IUCN Publication Services Unit. ISBN two-8317-0045-0
  79. ^ Aubry, Keith and Rale, Catherine (July 2006) Ecological Characteristics of Fishers (Martes pennanti) in the Southern Oregon Cascade Range. USDA Wood Service – Pacific Northwest Inquiry Station, Olympia Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Olympia, WA, U.South.
  80. ^ "Gator eats bobcat". Flickr. November 7, 2012. Retrieved November seven, 2012.
  81. ^ "Sneaky alligator nearly eats bobcat". Kens5. Archived from the original on January eleven, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  82. ^ "Gilded Eagle, Life History, All About Birds - Cornell Lab of Ornithology". Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
  83. ^ "Bobcats" (PDF). Living with Wildlife. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  84. ^ Fuller, Todd K.; Stephen 50. Berendzen; Thomas A. Decker; James East. Cardoza (October 1995). "Survival and Cause-Specific Bloodshed Rates of Developed Bobcats (Lynx rufus)". American Midland Naturalist. 134 (2): 404–408. doi:ten.2307/2426311. JSTOR 2426311.
  85. ^ Hiestand, S.J.; Nielsen, C.K.; Jiménez, F.A. (2014). "Epizootic and zoonotic helminths of the bobcat (Lynx rufus) in Illinois and a comparison of its helminth component communities across the American Midwest". Parasite. 21: 4. doi:ten.1051/parasite/2014005. PMC3923260. PMID 24521984.
  86. ^ Kikuchi, Y.; Chomel, B. B.; Kasten, R. W.; Martenson, J. S.; Swift, P. G.; O'Brien, Southward. J. (2004). "Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in American free-ranging or captive pumas (Felis concolor) and Bobcats (Lynx rufus)". Veterinary Parasitology. 120 (i–two): 1–nine. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.01.002. PMID 15019138.
  87. ^ "Appendices I, 2 and III". Convention on International Merchandise in Endangered Species of Wild fauna and Flora. Archived from the original on May xix, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2007.
  88. ^ "Endangered and Threatened Wild fauna and Plants; 12-Month Petition Finding and Proposed Rule To Delist the Mexican Bobcat (Lynx rufus escuinapae)". Fish and Wildlife Service. May 2005. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  89. ^ Dell'Amore, Christine (30 Jan 2012). "Pythons Eating Through Everglades Mammals at "Astonishing" Rate?". National Geographic News. National Geographic Club. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  90. ^ Grenfell Jr., William E. (Nov 1996). Bobcat Harvest Assessment 1995–96 (Study). California Department of Fish and Game.
  91. ^ Lee, J. Southward.; Ruell, East. W.; Boydston, E. Due east.; Lyren, Fifty. One thousand.; Alonso, R. S.; Troyer, J. 50.; Crooks, Grand. R. & Vandewoude, S. U. Eastward. (2012). "Cistron flow and pathogen transmission among bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a fragmented urban landscape". Molecular Environmental. 21 (7): 1617–1631. doi:ten.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05493.x. PMID 22335296. S2CID 14206892.
  92. ^ Ruell, E.West.; Riley, South.P.D.; Douglas, One thousand.R.; Antolin, M.F.; Pollinger, J.R.; Tracey, J.A.; Lyren, L.M.; Boydston, E.E.; Fisher, R.N. & Crooks, K.R. (2012). "Urban Habitat Fragmentation and Genetic Population Structure of Bobcats in Coastal Southern California". The American Midland Naturalist. 168 (2): 265–280. doi:ten.1674/0003-0031-168.ii.265. S2CID 86455286.
  93. ^ Riley, Seth P. D.; Sauvajot, R. Yard.; Fuller, T. Thousand.; York, E. C.; Kamradt, D. A.; Bromley, C. & Wayne, R. G. (2003). "Effects of Urbanization and Habitat Fragmentation on Bobcats and Coyotes in Southern California". Conservation Biology. 17 (2): 566–576. doi:ten.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01458.x. S2CID 85375755.
  94. ^ "Notoedric Mange: A Spotter for a Big Problem in our Local Ecosystems?". Urban Carnivores. 2011.
  95. ^ Riley, S.P.D.; Bromley, C.; Poppenga, R.H.; Whited, 50.; Sauvajot, R.M. (2007). "Anticoagulant exposure and notoedric mange in bobcats and mountain lions in urban Southern California". Journal of Wildlife Management. 71 (6): 1874–1884. doi:10.2193/2005-615. S2CID 86058493.
  96. ^ "Rodenticide: Impacts and Alternatives". Urban Wildlife Inquiry Project. 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  97. ^ Pollock, D. (1993). "Histoire de Lynx, Review". American Anthropologist. 95 (1): 223–224. doi:10.1525/aa.1993.95.i.02a00800.
  98. ^ Yalman, Nur (1996). "Lévi-Strauss in Wonderland: Playing Chess with Unusual Cats: The Story of Lynx". American Ethnologist. 23 (4): 902. doi:10.1525/ae.1996.23.four.02a00120.
  99. ^ "Florida Bobcat Bio Facts". Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens. 2005. Archived from the original on Feb 25, 2006. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  100. ^ Kroeber, A. 50. (1908). "Preliminary Sketch of the Mohave Indians". American Anthropologist. 4 (2): 276–285. doi:10.1525/aa.1902.iv.2.02a00060.
  101. ^ Temple, Kerry (1996). "Woods Ghost". Notre Dame Magazine. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  102. ^ Perri, A. R.; Martin, T. J.; Farnsworth, G. B. (2015). "A Bobcat Burial and Other Reported Intentional Animal Burials from Illinois Hopewell Mounds". Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology. 40 (3): 282. doi:10.1179/2327427115Y.0000000007. S2CID 132342406.
  103. ^ Grimm, D. (2015). "Ancient bobcat buried like a homo". Science. doi:x.1126/scientific discipline.aac8794.
  104. ^ "Bobcat Naming Competition Winner to be Honored at Football game Game". Ohio University. 2006. Archived from the original on September 12, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-06 .

Farther reading [edit]

  • Burton, M.; Burton, R. (1970). The international wildlife encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Marshall Cavendish Corp. pp. 253–257. ISBN978-0-7614-7266-vii.
  • Hansen, 1000. (2006). Bobcat: master of survival. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-518303-0.
  • Sunquist, M. East.; Sunquist, F. (2002). "Bobcat Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)". Wild Cats of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Printing. pp. 185–197. ISBN978-0-226-77999-vii.
  • Van Wormer, J. (1963). The World of the Bobcat. J. B. Lippincott. OCLC 684572.

External links [edit]

Spoken Wikipedia icon

This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 29 January 2009 (2009-01-29), and does not reverberate subsequent edits.

  • "Bobcat". IUCN/SSC True cat Specialist Group.
  • "Bobcats". National Geographic.
  • Skahill, P. (2019). "What are the secrets of Connecticut'southward Bobcats?". Connecticut Public Radio / WNPR.

hagersicks1967.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobcat

Entradas que pueden interesarte

Publicar un comentario for "Bobcat Grader Attachment Electrical Stops Starts Again"